Lock.



R; W. RI'TZERT.

LOCK.

APPLICATION HLED MAY 24, 191s.

ROBERT W. RITZERT, OF DAYTON, OHIO.

LOCK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May l5, 191W.

Application filed May 24, 1916. Serial N0. 99,682.

To au wlw/m 'it may concern Be it known that I, ROBERT W. RITZERT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Dayton, in the county of Montgomery and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Locks, of which .the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in locks and more particularly to cylinder locks or that general type of locks commonly designated as Yale locks.

The object of the invention is to simplify the structure as well as the means and mode of operation of such ydevices whereby they will not only be cheapened in construction, but will be more eflicient in use, positive in operation, economical in manufacture, and unlikely to get out of repair.

Locks of the present character have heretofore been usually constructed of the pin tumbler type. One of the objects of the resent invention is to provide an improved form of tumbler or locking device comprising a pivoted double acting pawl or detent.

ith the above primary and other incidental objects in view, as will more fully appear in the speciiication, the invention consists of the features ofV construction, the parts and combinations thereof, and the mode of operation, or their equivalents, as hereinafter described and set forth in the claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figure l is a side elevation of the lock barrel with the inclosing housing broken away. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view through the mechanism on line c-c of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a transvers sectional view on line azz of Fig. l. Fig. 4 is a similar view on line 5-b of Fig. l showing the detent in operated or unlockedposition. Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view on line Ziof Fig. l showing the detent in locking position.

Like parts are indicated by similar characters of reference throughout the several views.

Inasmuch as the present invention relates to the tumblers and key operated parts, only the barrel mechanism has been illustrated in the drawing. It is to be understood, vhowever, that this barrel mechanism may be employed in conjunction with any suitable locking bolt or latch mechanism in the usual manner.

ln constructing the device there is employed a rotary key actuated cylinder l which is operatively connected to the locking bolt or latch mechanism, not shown in the present drawing, and which is mounted for rotary'movement in the sleeve or barrel 2. The sleeve or barrel 2 is preferably, though not necessarily, inclosed in a cylindrical housing or closure sleeve 8. The rotary cylinder l is provided with a longitudinally' disposed slot or key way i to receive the shank of the key 5. In the drawing this slot or key way has been shown with parallel or straight sides. It is to be understood, however, that the sides of the key way or slot and the faces of the key may be correspondingly corrugated or luted in the usual manner to prevent the use of keys .other than the particular key pertaining to the lock mechanism involved. The key operated cylinder l is also provided with substantially oppositely' disposed longitudinal grooves 6 and 7 located in the periphery of the cylinder. These grooves are preferably provided with abrupt shoulders for the engagement of the pallets of the detents or double pawls hereafter described.

The main sleeve or valve 2 is provided with a plurality of transverse slots 8 and 9-99 intersecting the central bore within which the key operated cylinder l is l0- cated. The slot 8 extends throughout substantially one-fourth of the circumference of the sleeve or barrel, as shown in Fig. 3, while the slots 9-9`9 extend throughout slightly more than one-half the circumference as illustrated in Figs. i and 5.

Pivotally mounted within the slots 9-9- 9 are a plurality of double detents or pawls l0 pivoted upon a longitudinally disposed shaft or pin ll. spring l2 for each detent normally tends to press the pallet 13 of the detent into the longitudinally disposed groove 6 of the key operated cylinder l as shown in Fig. 5. This prevents the operation of the cylinder l until the detent 10 has been oscillated a sufficient distance to disengage the pallet 13 from the groove or recess 6. In the drawing, the spring 12 has been shown merely as a short length of Vspring wire inserted within the sleeve or barrel and projecting into the slot 9. It is to be understood, however, that any other form of spring might be substituted such as a spiral spring mounted about the pivot pin 11 and engaged with the detent 10 or a helical spring interposed between the detent and the closure housing 3. However, the use and application of such a spring being common in lock constructions, such modifications will be obvious to any person skilled in the art and have not been illustrated.

Projecting from each detent 10 in a line with the key slot 4 of the cylinder 1 when the cylinder is in its normal position is a lug or extension 14. The lugs or extensions 14 on different detents are of different extents and agree with the cam projections 15 upon the shank of the key 5. The construction is such that upon the insertion of the corresponding key within the key way or slot 4 the cam projections 15 thereof will engage the lugs 14 of the several detents and the detents will be oseillated about their pivotal connections upon the pin or shaft 11 a distance suflicient to disengage the pallet 13 from the groove G. This movement is accomplished against the tension of the spring 12. If the key employed is properly proportioned the detent 19 will be oscillated only sufficiently to enable the pallet 13 to clear the periphery of the cylinder as shown in Fig. 4. If, however, an improper key is employed in which any one of the several cam projections 15 is of insutlicient height or extent, the detent 10 will not be sufliciently operated to clear the cylinder 1 and the pallet 13 will still maintain its enga gement with the shoulder of the recess 6, thereby preventing the rotation of the cylinder.

Y If the key employed contains a cam projection of greater extent than that necessary to lift the pallet 13 from the recess 6 then the detent 10 will be oscillated beyond its unlocking position and the pallet 16 carried upon the opposite extremity of the detent 10 will be projected within the groove 7 of the cylinder 1 and will prevent the oscillation or rotation of the cylinder. Thus it will be seen that the key must be properly proportioned to the lugs 14 of the detent whereby the pallets 13 and 16 will be caused to simultaneously clear the periphery of the cylinder 1 and that any variation of the key will cause one or the other of the pallets 13 or 16 of some one or more of the detents 10 to project within the corresponding groove or recess and thereby lock the cylinder against rotation.

The lugs 14 of the detent are preferably provided with two engaging faces 17 and 1S located side by side. One set of engaging faces, for instance the set 18, will differ in every lock produced, whereby thelock may be operated only by the particular key pertaining thereto, whereas the second set of faces 17 may be the same in a series of locks whereby any of the locks may be operated by a single master key. In other words, the special or individual key will engage only the operating faces 18 while a master key will engage the faces 17. Either key will be so proportioned in relation to the extent of the lug 14 and the faces 17 and 18 thereof that it will oscillate the detent 10 to an ex tent necessary to release the cylinder 1.

In addition to the cam faces 15 the key is provided with a ward 19 which engages within the slot 8 as the key and cylinder are rotated and serves the double purpose of preventing the withdrawal of the key until the cylinder has been returned to its normal position and limits the oscillation of the cylinder in either direction by its engagement with the ends of the slot 8.

The sleeve or barrel 2 is provided with head 20 against which the inclosing housing or sleeve 3 bears at one end. Likewise, the cylinder 1 is preferably, though not necessarily, provided with a peripheral shoulder or collar 21 bearing within a suitable eounterbore in the sleeve or barrel 2. The parts are held in means of a plate or head 22 secured to the main sleeve or barrel 2 by means of screws 23. An' extension 24 upon the cylinder 1 is projected through an orifice 25 in the head or end plate 22 and carries a rock arm 26 to be operatively connected with a bolt or latch mechanism. It is obvious that the barrel or sleeve 2 may be provided with as many transverse slots 9 as is desired and a single detent 10 may be located in each slot or each slot may be made to contain a Vplurality of detents as at 27, Fig. 1. The barrel inclosing the key and tumbler mechanism herein shown and described is applicable not only to door locks but also to other types of locks, including such locks as are used on chests or drawers, desk locks and pad locks.

While Vthe mechanism herein before described is particularly adapted for a lock mechanism, it may also be adapted for use as a gage in testing the accuracy of machined parts, castings or other pieces. For such use the device may be made of, suitable proportions and the slot or key way 4 suitably enlarged and shaped in cross section to agree with the part to be measured.. The detents would be located in the enlarged sleeve or barrel at points to engage the tested piece at kprescribed gage or measuring points. In the event that the piece gaged assembled position by' `inder would be released Was accurately dimensioned the core or cyl'- and rotatable Wit .in the sleeve `Which would indicate accuracy of size, While if the core or cylinder remained locked after the insertion of the piece to be tested it Would be understood that the piece was either o-ver or under sized in some dimension and this particular point vvould be indicated by the engagement of the corresponding detent. It would be understood that in such a gaging device the housing 3 would be dispensed with to enable -the observation of the detents.

From the above description it will be apparent that there is thus provided a device of the character described possessing the particular features of advantage before enumerated as desirable but Which obviously is susceptible of modification in its form, proportion, detail construction, or arrangement of parts Without departing from the principle involved or sacrificing any of its advantages.

While in order to comply With the statute the invention has been described in language more or less speciiic as to certain structural features, it is to be understood that the means and construction herein described comprise but one mode of putting the invention into effect and the invention is theretore claimed broadly in any of its possible forms or modilications Within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

l. In a device of the character described, a rotatable cylinder having a plurality of spaced locking shoulders formed upon the periphery thereof, a sleeve or barrel Within which the cylinder is mounted, a plurality of pivoted detents supported upon the sleeve or barrel and each normally engaging one ot said locking shoulders to prevent the rotation of said cylinder, and a key adapted to oscillate the detents to release the cylinder, the said detents being adapted When oscillated beyond a predetermined limit to engage a second locking shoulder in said cylinder.

2. In a device as described, a rotatable cylinder, a sleeve or barrel in Which the cylinder is mounted, a plurality of detents pivoted to said sleeve or barrel each adapted when oscillated in either direction beyond a neutral position to engage the cylinder to prevent the rotation thereof, a spring for each detent normally oscillating the detent into engagement with the cylinder and a key adapted to oscillate the detents against the tension of their spring out of engagement with the cylinder.

3. In a device of the character described, a rotatable core having a longitudinally disposed key Way therein and also having spaced recesses therein tor the engagement of a locking detent, a double detent either extremity oi' which may be engaged with one of the spaced recesses of the rotatable core to prevent the oscillation thereof, a spring normally tending to oscillate the detent in one direction into engagement with the core and a key insertible in said key oscillate the detent out of engagement 'with the core against the tension otl the spring.

4. In a device or' the character described, a sleeve or barrel having a central bore and a plurality of transverse slots intersecting the bore, a rotatable core mounted within said bore, a plurality o3t' pivot-ed detents mounted in said transverse slots and normally engaging the core, and a key adapted to oscillate the detents out of engagement with the core.

5. In a device of the character described, a rotatable cylindrical .core having peripheral notches therein, a stationary sleeve Within which the core rotates, Va pivoted anchor escapement pavvl mounted on said sleeve the pallets of which may be alternately engaged with the peripheral notches of the rotatable core by the oscillation oi the detent to lock said cylindrical core against rotation, a spring tending to oscillate the detent into locking position and a key adapted to disengage the detent against the tension of the spring.

G. In a device of the character described, a rotatable cylindrical core having a key way therein, a stationary sleeve inclosing said rotatable core, a plurality of pivoted detents mounted in spaced relation upon the said sleeve and independently engaging the rotatable member to prevent the rotation thereof, a lug on each detent, alined With the key Way of said core, the lugs of different detents being of different extent, and a key having a plurality of cam faces thereon insertible Within the key Way, the cam faces of which engage the several lugs to oscillate the detents to releasing position.

In a device of the character described, a rotatable cylindrical core having a key Way therein, a sleeve Within which the core rotates having an internal peripheral recess communicating With said key Way, a plurality of pivoted detents normally locking the rotatable core against rotation, a face on each detent alined with the key Way when the rotatable member is in locked position, a cammed key insertible Within the key Way adapted to engage the faces of the detents to oscillate the detents out of locking position, and a. projection on said key engaging in the peripheral recess of the sleeve upon the rotation of the core to prevent the Withdrawal of the key until the core is returned to normal position.

8. In a device ol the character described, a rotatable member' having a key Way therein,

Way adapted to a plurality of pivoted detente normally loekthe detente out of engagement with the rotaing the rotatable membei` against notation, a table member. l i plurality of Sei-ies of cam faces ai'iangecl In testimony whereof7 l have hereunto set side by side and in cliHei-ent planes on the demy hand this 10th clay of May A. D. 1916. tents, and a plurality of eammed keys sepa- ROBERT YV. RTZERT. rately inseitible Within the key Way, each TWitnesses: V

key being adapted to engage the cam faces HARRY F. NOLAN,

of a different series of cam faces to Voseillate CARRIE M. BECKER.

Copies of this'patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C. 

